Romania

Romania ranks 43rd of 193 countries in the GSCI 2026, with a score of 50.2. This is 80% of the best score (Sweden, 62.9) and places Romania in the 78th percentile, 4.8 points above the global average of 45.4.

Romania performs best in Social Capital (32nd) and Economic Sustainability (34th), and weakest in Resource Efficiency (104th) and Intellectual Capital (81st). Its ranks in the other dimensions: Governance 52nd, Natural Capital 67th.

Romania's GSCI score has declined by 3.4 points over the past ten years (2015–2025). Based on recent trends, the 10-year outlook is negative (-5.5 points).

Romania has a population of 19.1 million, 54% below the average country (41.5 million), and a population density of 80 people per km², 38% above the world average (58). Its GDP is $382.8 billion, 33% below the average country ($569.2 billion).

Romania's GDP per capita is $20,072, 47% above the world average of $13,684.

The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI) measures the sustainable competitiveness of 193 countries across six dimensions: Natural Capital, Resource Efficiency, Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, Economic Sustainability and Governance. It is based on 296 quantitative indicators from sources such as the World Bank, UN agencies and the IMF, with no surveys or opinions.